The risk of being exposed to anthrax spores through attending drumming events where animal hide drums are played, or handling animal hide drums at such events is considered to be very low. What is the risk of getting anthrax from attending drumming events? Hides from countries where anthrax is common pose a higher risk of exposure to anthrax spores than domestic (US-origin) hides. Skins from animals infected with anthrax may still be contaminated with spores even after they are prepared for making drums. In the last several years there have been several people who got anthrax from contaminated animal hides. What is the link between anthrax and animal hide drums? It occurs much less frequently in the United States. In recent years, it has been reported among animals in many countries and is especially common in parts of Africa, Asia and the Middle East. There is an anthrax vaccine, but it is currently only available to certain individuals considered to be at higher risk for anthrax because of their job or military service. The United States government has a stockpile of antibiotics just in case there is a bioterrorism event with anthrax and many people need treatment. Anthrax can also be diagnosed by detecting specific antibodies (bacteria fighters) in the blood. It is diagnosed when a laboratory can find the germ in blood samples, swabs from skin lesions (sores) or respiratory secretions (material from the lung). Symptoms usually appear within 1–7 days after exposure to the bacteria, but symptoms for inhalation anthrax can take up to 60 days or longer after exposure to anthrax spores. With current treatment, the death rate is about 50% (5 deaths among 11 cases occurred in the 2001 anthrax bioterrorism events.) Without treatment, inhalation anthrax almost always results in death. Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain are also common. The first symptoms are usually fever, fatigue, cough, headaches, chills, weakness, difficulty breathing and chest discomfort. It is caused by breathing anthrax germs directly into the lungs. Inhalation anthrax is the most serious form of human anthrax.While gastrointestinal anthrax is very rare, 25% to 60% of people who develop GI anthrax die, even with treatment. Initial symptoms are nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and fever, followed by severe abdominal pain and bloody stools. It is caused by eating undercooked, contaminated meat. Gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax is the least common type of human anthrax.Without treatment, skin anthrax can kill about 10%-20% of infected people however, with treatment, death is rare. A mild fever and swollen lymph nodes are also common. The first symptom is a small, painless sore that develops into a blister with swelling and redness of the surrounding skin. It is caused when the germ makes direct contact with a cut or a break in the skin. Skin anthrax is the least serious form of human anthrax.There are three main kinds of human anthrax: What are the symptoms of anthrax disease? Anthrax is not spread from person to person by casual contact, sharing of office space or by coughing or sneezing. People can get it in three ways: by anthrax spores entering through a break in the skin, by breathing in the anthrax spores or by eating contaminated food. Exposure to the bacteria in nature can infect humans, but anthrax in humans is very rare. The anthrax bacteria are very hardy and can live in the environment for a long time in the spore form of the bacteria. It is rare to find infected animals in the United States. These bacteria are found naturally in the soil and infections can occur in cattle and other domestic animals (sheep, goats, etc.). Anthrax is a disease caused by the bacteria (germ) Bacillus anthracis.
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